Detecting AI Writing in Student Work

Quick Reference Guide

Important Note: These are indicators, not proof. Many of these patterns can appear in human writing. Use multiple indicators together and always talk with students before making accusations.

🚨 STRONGEST INDICATORS (Most Reliable)

1. Overused "AI Vocabulary" Words

Look for excessive use of these words (especially multiple in one paper):

  • delve
  • underscore, highlight (as verbs)
  • pivotal, crucial
  • intricate, intricacies
  • tapestry (used abstractly, like "rich tapestry of culture")
  • landscape (used abstractly, like "educational landscape")
  • testament (as in "serves as a testament to")
  • showcase, garner
  • vibrant, enduring
  • align with, foster, enhance
  • emphasizing, enhance, highlighting, showcasing

Example: "The intricate tapestry of Renaissance art showcases the pivotal role of patronage, underscoring the vibrant cultural landscape of the era."

2. Superficial "-ing" Analysis

Watch for sentences ending with vague analysis using present participles:

  • "...reflecting the importance of..."
  • "...highlighting its significance..."
  • "...emphasizing the role of..."
  • "...underscoring the impact..."

Example: "The civil rights movement emerged in the 1960s, emphasizing the importance of solidarity and shaping values for generations to come."

3. Over-Emphasis on Importance

Constant reminders about how significant/important everything is:

  • "plays a vital/crucial/pivotal role"
  • "serves as a testament to"
  • "stands as a reminder"
  • "marks a key turning point"
  • "lasting/enduring legacy"

⚠️ STRONG INDICATORS

4. "Rule of Three" Overuse

Repetitive use of three items in lists:

  • "The conference brings together experts, professionals, and practitioners..."
  • "The city offers stunning views, rich history, and vibrant culture..."

5. Conclusion Sections in Essays

Essays that end with:

  • "In conclusion..." or "In summary..."
  • "Despite challenges, [subject] continues to thrive..."
  • Speculation about "future prospects"

6. Negative Parallelisms

Phrases like:

  • "Not only...but also..."
  • "It's not just about X, it's about Y..."
  • "Not X, but Y"

Example: "It's not just about the historical facts; it's about understanding their broader significance."

7. Vague Attributions

Claims attributed to no one specific:

  • "Experts argue..."
  • "Observers have noted..."
  • "Critics suggest..."
  • "Research shows..." (with no specific research cited)

8. Promotional/Flowery Language

  • "breathtaking," "stunning"
  • "nestled in the heart of"
  • "boasts a rich heritage"
  • "continues to captivate"

🔍 MODERATE INDICATORS

9. False Ranges

Using "from...to..." incorrectly:

  • "From problem-solving to creativity" (not a real scale)
  • "From history to culture" (unrelated endpoints)

10. Perfect Formatting

  • All section headings in Title Case
  • Excessive bold text throughout
  • Bullet points that start with Bold Headers: followed by explanation

11. Treating Assignment Title as Proper Noun

Starting with phrases like:

  • "The Effects of Social Media refers to..."
  • "The Causes of World War I is a complex topic that..."

12. Knowledge Cutoff Disclaimers

Phrases like:

  • "As of my last update..."
  • "While specific details are limited..."
  • "Based on available information..."

🔎 FORMATTING CLUES

13. Markdown Formatting Errors

If you receive digital submissions, look for:

  • Asterisks around words meant to be italicized
  • Hash symbols (##) before headings
  • Parentheses around links instead of proper formatting

14. Excessive Em Dashes

Overuse of long dashes (—) where commas or periods would work better.

15. Curly Quotes

Quotation marks that curve instead of straight - though note that many word processors create these automatically.

📝 CONTENT PATTERNS

16. List-Like Body Paragraphs

Paragraphs structured as: Historical Context: Description here. Key Figures: Description here. Modern Implications: Description here.

17. Every Point Gets "Significance" Treatment

Each fact is followed by why it's important, even for basic information.

Example: "Shakespeare was born in 1564, marking a pivotal moment in literary history and underscoring the enduring impact of Renaissance culture on modern theater."

18. Elegant Variation Overload

Using many different terms for the same person/thing to avoid repetition:

  • "The author...the writer...the novelist...the literary figure..."

✅ WHAT TO DO

When You Suspect AI Use:

  1. Don't accuse immediately - These are just indicators, not proof
  2. Have a conversation - Ask the student to:
    • Explain their research process
    • Discuss specific sources they used
    • Explain their reasoning for certain word choices
    • Show drafts or outline work
  3. Ask specific questions about their topic that require understanding
  4. Check for consistency - Does this match their usual writing style?
  5. Look for multiple indicators - One or two signs aren't enough

Prevention Strategies:

  • Require students to submit outlines and drafts
  • Ask for annotated bibliographies
  • Include in-class writing components
  • Have students explain their work in conferences
  • Design assignments that require personal reflection or local research
  • Ask for specific, unusual examples rather than general ones

❌ UNRELIABLE INDICATORS

These DON'T reliably indicate AI use:

  • Perfect grammar (many students are good writers!)
  • Formal language or "big words"
  • Long sentences
  • Use of semicolons or advanced punctuation
  • Writing that sounds "too good" (this is subjective)

🎯 BOTTOM LINE

Look for patterns, not individual words. AI writing tends to be:

  • Overly formal and generic
  • Obsessed with importance and significance
  • Filled with vague analysis
  • Repetitive in structure
  • Superficial in depth despite sounding impressive

But remember: Good student writing can sometimes have these features too. Always combine multiple indicators and have a conversation before making any decisions.

Based on Wikipedia's guide to identifying LLM-generated content. Adapted for educational use.